托福的阅读题有哪些提问方式 做阅读题有哪些技巧？

今天和大家分享的是阅读题目中的常见细节题的一类：事实信息题。细节题的解题方法可以归纳为阅读题干查找关键词然后回原文定位，接下来分别看这类题型的具体解题方法的应用。

提问方式

According to paragraph1, what was true of the Sahara region around 6,000 B.C.? / According to paragraph… why / how / what….?

例：According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define?

分析：通过以上两种不同提问方式可以总结出该题型有以下几个特点：

1). 该题型是就某段话当中的某个细节信息(即提问方式1中的X)进行提问。

2). 该题型可以围绕该细节信息的不同方面进行提问，通过特殊疑问词which; what; why; how可以看出。

3). 由于题干中未出现infer; suggest; indicate等字样，所以该题型旨在考察文本信息的字面含义，无需考生进行文本的隐含意推理。

解题步骤

读题干，找出定位词

定位词分析：

无论是和何种定位方式，定位词大部分会选题干句子的主干或相应的修饰部分，从词性角度来说大部分是名词、形容词、副词或数字;名词大部分是非主题性的名词(当然定位词不一定只能找一个，一般可以找2到3个，因为定位词越多相对定位的位置也会越精确。)

例如：According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals? 定位词选择是a particular challenge，而不选play behavior，因为文章可以大篇幅的看到lay behavior。

通过题干中定位词回原文进行定位。

1) 定位词是专有名词时大部分为原文词，定位词为普通名词时有可能会出现非原文词，此时只能在原文中找到相应的同义词或替代词。

2)有时只看定位句和选项并不能直接快速选出答案，定位句前后2句，尤其是后面的几句也有必要认真看，再与定位句比较才能得出答案。可能定位句是观点句而后面几句是对定位句的细节解释，选项有可能出在定位句的后面2句。

例如：Paragraph 2: Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood. (TPO 30 Role of Play in Development)

According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals?

分析：定位词根据题干选a particular challenge & researchers, 在原文中考生们无法找到这两个定位词，但是可以找到challenge的同义替换形式difficult, 因此该句即是我们所需要的定位句。

Step 3: 比较定位句与选项的内容，选出语义最接近的选项。

注意：1). 定位有可能很长比较复杂，而选项比较短时，提取定位句中的关键词然后和选项进行匹配，细节题切勿随意推理。

练一练

例题1： Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.

According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?

A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.

B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.

C. The climate was very similar to today’s climate.

D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season.

分析：首先定位词是 Late Cretaceous climate, 属于专有名词在此段中较容易定位，找到的定位句只有一个Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s.但是通过选项只能排除C，定位句是观点句，后面2句是对定位句的解释。通过后面几句的解释不难得出答案为D。